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Bursa
Ulu Mosque (Center):It was constructed between in 1396 and 1400 by
Yıldırım Bayezit, fully made up of cut stone, with very thick and high walls, 12
heavy four edged grade, with pendantives as of 20 domes.
It is the most classical and monumental sample of the multi - domed mosques. It
has the biggest size (318 square meters) among all of the Turkish mosques with
its rich and roomy space. Its balcony with small tenon panels, finely processed
with Greek and palmettes, parapet networks with geometrical samples, inscription
on its front side and networked corolla is a master piece of art of transition
from Seljuk style to Ottoman style.
According to the rumor related with the construction of şadırvan; some lands
should have been nationalized for construction of Ulu Mosque. Şadırvan’s place
was belonged to a Jewish woman. This woman who did not want to give her land had
seen in her dream one night that everybody was running to the same direction.
She curiously asked them where they were going, and took the respond of
“Heaven!”. She also wanted to run but they stopped her, as she was not giving
her land. Jewish woman who had impressed much from this dream, had gave her land
next day on condition that they would build a şadırvan.
When the construction process of the mosque discontinue due to financial
problems, Christian and Jewish communities supplied a certain amount of money,
then in return Muslims used the stones on which David’s Star and Cross signs are
engraved on the windows of the mosque to show their gratitude.
Emir Sultan Mosque and Tomb (Center): A famous scientist, Emir Sultan had come
to Bursa in 1391, and had married with the daughter of Yıldırım Bayezit, Hundi
Fatma Hatun. Emir Sultan Mosque and tomb was cosntructed by his wife during
Murat II period. It is on a hill east of Bursa, adjacent to Emir Sultan
Graveyard.
There is a tomb with eight edges near to them on the north direction. Today’s
shape of Emir Sultan Mosque, a beautiful sample of mosque type with single dome
in a courtyard with a şadırvan, was constructed in 1804 during Sultan Selim III
period.
Muradiye Kulliye (Center):It is within a huge park in Muradiye district.
Kulliye, which was constructed by Sultan Murat II in between 1424 and 1426,
composed of a mosque, theology school, charitable establishment, hamam and 12
tombs.
The mosque has an angular shape which was used widely during the primary period
in Ottoman architecture. Its niches and balconies are from 18th century, and it
is one of Baroque style. Its entrance door is one of the most beautiful samples
of wood work. There are 12 pieces of tombs within Muradiye Kulliye, which are
constructed in the name of Murat II and his family.
Orhan Mosque and Kulliye (Center):Kulliye, which is constructed by Orhan
Bey in between 1339 and 1340, is composed of mosque, theology school, charitable
establishment, school, hamam and inn (Emir Inn) structures. It is on the east
part of Ulu Mosque, and one of the first samples of Ottoman Kulliye.
Orhan Mosque is one of the most important structures of early Ottoman period in
Bursa. Twin arches at both sides are one of the most important characteristics
of the structure. It was constructed with two rows of bricks and one row of
stone. Brick work on its external surface is also very interesting.
Hüdavendigar Mosque and Kulliye (Center): Kulliye which was constructed by
Sultan Murat I (Hüdavendigar) between 1366 and 1385 in Çekirge district, is
composed of a mosque, theology school, charitable establishment, tomb and hamam.
Unique in Ottoman architecture, the two storied complex's first floor is a
mosque while the second floor is a theology school. Architecture of the
structure, which has an appearance of a palace with its imposing external
minaret, is not certain. Two layered forehead with upper layer porticos, opened
with double steep arches with middle column aside and front, is gaining an
imposing panorama reminding the Venetian palaces. Şadırvan under the dome, whose
middle part is open, creates a harmonious atmosphere with gentle splashes.
Oposite to Hüdavendigar Mosque, there is the tomb of the Sultan Murat II
(Hüdavendigar) , who died during military service in 1389 in Cassava War I . The
epitaph of the tomb constructed by Yıldırım Bayezid is dated 1722.
Yıldırım Bayazıt Kulliye (Center):The complex constructed in between 1390
and 1399 in Yıldırım district at the east of the city is composed of a mosque,
theology school, darüşşifa (cure house), tomb, inn, hamam, charitable
establishment, pleasure - house, kitchen, service rooms and stable structures.
The mosque at the middle of the kulliye is one of the most monumental example of
the sided mosques, and it has a cure house dated 1399. Ottoman architecture had
started to find a unique building structure style with this mosque.
The tomb, which is single structured with its inscription is on the north east
of the mosque. The tomb which was constructed to Mimar Ali bin Hüseyin by
Yıldırım Bayezit's son Süleyman Han in 1406, is the first sample of Ottoman
tombs with portico.
Yeşil Mosque (Center):Adornments of the mosque, which is constructed by
Çelebi Sultan Mehmet between 1419 and 1420, was constructed in 1424 during Murat
II period. It is also known as Yeşil Mosque due to the green turquoise and tiles
used on adornments. Its architect is Hacı İvaz Paşa. It is one of the most
important Ottoman period structure in Bursa, and the mosque is famous with its
adornments much more than its architecture. Tile adornments are the most
important characteristics of the mosque.
Yeşil Tomb (Center):Structure, which is the symbol of Bursa, is one of
the most beautiful samples of Ottoman tomb architecture. Octagonal structure, to
which you can climb via a marble stair, is covered by a lead dome perched on a
high hoop. It is a unique structure with its tile adornments. Its fully tile
covered balcony is a master piece of art. One of the most beautiful samples of
the Ottoman wooden work,the door was built by transition technique of walnut
tree, adorned with geometrical motifs and has inscription on it.
Geruş synagogue (Center):It is located at Arap Şükrü Street. It was
constructed by the first Jewish group who settled in Bursa after they had been
expeled from Spain in 14th century and welcomed by Ottoman Emperor Selim II. and
brought to the region. The name of the synagogue that was derived from a word in
the Hebrew language Geruş meaning "expelled" has a special sense from that point
of view. The synagogue reaching to our times in a god condition is in service of
the Jewish community.
Mayor Synagogue (Center):It is located at Arap Şükrü Street. It was
constructed by the other Jewish communities welcomed by the Ottoman Empire and
migrated from the Mayorka Island, Spain and settled in Bursa in 15th century.
Moreover as they inspired from the name of the island they had departed, they
gave the name Mayor to the synagogue that they constructed. The inital date of
the construction is known to be 15th century. Vivid designs on the walls and the
ceiling of the interior section of the synagogue draw attention.
Etz Ahayım Synagogue (Center):Located at Arap Şükrü Street and
constructed in the beginnings of 14th century, the name of the synagogue means
"Life Tree" in the Hebrew Language. It is peculiar in that it is the first
synagogue to be constructed during Ottoman period. An imperial decree was
announced during the reign of Orhan Bey, conqueror of Bursa, and the structure
of the synagogue was approved.
İznik Green Mosque (İznik):The mosque, which is the most important
monumental structure of Ottoman architecture in İznik, is at the east of
province and near to the Lefke Gate. It is constructed by Çandarlı Hayrettin
Paşa in between 1378 - 1398.
Hacı Özbek Mosque (Bazaar Mosque, İznik):It is within bazaar in İznik. It
is constructed in 1333, and is the oldest inscription having Ottoman mosque.
Ayasofya Museum (İznik): It is in the middle of the city, and constructed in 4th
century. Byzantium church, turned into a mosque during Orhan Gazi.The museum is
where the 7th Ecumenic Council of high esteem for Christians was arranged.It is
a collapsed structure today.
Senatus (Consule Palace, İznik):Senatus, which is the first Consul
meeting performed, which is deemed as very important by Christians, is also
named as Consul palace. Ruinsof the piece of art which is at lake gate side, are
below the lake waters.
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